An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. Identify two social science issues related to education. National Priorities Project. Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A6. Grimmett, R. E. (2011). The social science research informs everything from national security to technology development to healthcare and economic management. Introduction. To get a more accurate estimate of how many such crimes occur, sound social research is necessary. Social studies is an integrated research field. This type of research accelerated, however, after several scandals involving sexual assault and harassment occurred during the 1990s on military bases and at military academies. (2012, January 8). Status of world nuclear forces. Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. The Washington Post. A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. Napalm is a very flammable jellylike substance made out of gasoline, soap, and white phosphorous. Of these reported cases, only one-fifth went to trial, and only half of these defendants were convicted. A., & Wilson, S. M. (2010). Veterans in History and Society. Bess, M. (2008). The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. If this high rate had held true during the twentieth century, 2 billion people would have died in twentieth-century wars rather than the 100 million who did die (Pinker, 2012). A poem about napalm, reportedly written by members of the US First Air Cavalry, surfaced during the war. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). 29/12/2020 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 24 Hours. Human and human social systems are matter. Our guests begin by discussing Russian grand strategy and by framing the threat posed by Russia to US national security. Harrison, T. (2012). (2011, July 22). . (2011). His bodys here, but his mind is not here anymore. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. His wife April had to quit her teaching job to take care of him, and their life savings slowly dwindled. Social Science of War Theory and Practice of Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition Kyle Atwell | 02.20.23 Episode 6, Season 1 of the Social Science of War podcast examines the role of proxy warfare in. Union of Concerned Scientists. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. This $29 billion sum for each submarine during its lifetime could provide 5.8 million scholarships worth $5,000 each to low- and middle-income high school students to help them pay for college. These theorists advocate a reflective or issues-centered curriculum and often emphasize curricular attention to social problems. Theyre in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter, 2011; Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 1971. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). Napalm bombs were used in World War II to set fire to cities, military bunkers, and other targets. Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. A major reason for this problem was that the Pentagon had begun building these systems before their designs had been completely tested. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. Collier, E. C. (1993). Why nations go to war: A sociology of military conflict. The minimum estimate almost matches the number of American deaths in all the other wars the United States has fought, and the maximum estimate greatly exceeds this number (see Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars). War can also change a nations political structure in obvious ways, as when the winning nation forces a new political system and leadership on the losing nation. Dont blame the caveman. US military spending amounts to more than $1 trillion annually. When we think of the impact of war, the consequences for civilians and veterans as just discussed come most readily to mind. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. ), The Routledge handbook of security studies (pp. When sexual assaults and sexual harassment are added to the crimes mentioned to respondents, between 22 percent and 84 percent of women report being raped, sexually assaulted, and/or sexually harassed while serving. Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. Looking further back in world history, the death rate in prehistoric times from tribal warfare was extremely high. Despite this need, research on sexual assault in the military was scant before the early 2000s. Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. They suffer terrible physical and mental wounds that can maim them for life (Dao, 2012). The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Give Me Liberty! However, issues also affect higher education, and we examine a few of them here. Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. Source: First F-35C Flight, Wikipedia, Last modified on November 20, 2011, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv. Kaplan, F. (2012, February 13). Rafter, N. H. (1990). Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched An Associated Press photo of her running naked and screaming with burns after her village was napalmed was one of the most memorable photos of that war. (2012). The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. Shaping in Strategic Competition: How to Win Friends and Influence People with Military Power Kyle Atwell | 02.06.23 Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. Virtual reality Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). Identify two social science issues related to education. Turchik, J. . (2011). I see glimpses of him, but hes not who he was (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). Looking after the soldier, back home and damaged. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. The authors, by reviewing the recent work of several behavioral and social science disciplines concerned with the impact of war upon society, suggest that the study of war's social ramifications has been characterized by the publication of empirical work that neglects, to some extent, the larger sociological implications of war as well as its A fifth and related group is composed of social reconstructionists or critical pedagogues, who cast social studies in schools in a leading role in the Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. It soon became the biggest social and economical problem for the whole world. Ledbetter, J. They say the United States could safely decrease its nuclear and conventional weapons arsenals without at all endangering national security. In 2010, more than 19,000 US military personnel, most of them women, were raped or sexually assaulted (Stalsburg, 2011). Resources, the environment, and conflict. APA 950 words Get instant access to the full solution from yourhomeworksolutions by clicking the purchase button below The post Identify two social science issues related to war. 147 Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project. In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html. Still, tensions often arise. Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. The American Civil War, also called the War Between the States, then tore it apart less than a century later. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. Usually included within the social sciences are cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. Scholar John Tirman worries that Americans have generally ignored the civilian victims of US wars. Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. Are we giant suckers? Special Issues are led by Guest Editors who are experts in the subject and oversee the editorial process for papers. More than 20,000 nuclear warheads now exist; 4,800 are operational and almost 2,000 (held by the United States and Russia) are on high alert, ready to be used at any time (Federation of American Scientists, 2011). Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Time. These effects are similar to those for civilians, and include anxiety, depression, PTSD, poorer physical health, and poorer job performance (in this case, their military duties). Many veterans are experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), marked by nightmares, panic attacks, and other symptoms (Dao, 2012). As one business writer put it, Collectively, it is our patriotic responsibility to help our nations servicemen and women thrive in todays economy (Gerber, 2012). New York Times, p. A1. Bacevich, A. However it is calculated, the US military budget is by far the highest in the world and in fact accounts for 43 percent of the worlds military spending. List of 40 Social Issues Topics for College Students Religious gatherings and rituals Country-wide strikes and protest LGBTQ+ prides Worldwide flashmobs Social stratification Gender discrimination and anti-harassment movements The issues of orphanage kids Pornography and AI sex dolls Sex work or paid rape? One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. ABSTRACT This essay examines ways in which American social science in the late twentieth century wasand was nota creature of the Cold War. A kid walked up to me and said, Your dads a baby killer. I didnt handle that well. Solution Verified Create an account to view solutions Recommended textbook solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 713 solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 750 solutions Prompt: During the first week of the . This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Outline both sides to the debate over the size of the US military budget. Retrieved http://www.cnn.com/. Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). (2012, February 18). New York, NY: Vintage Books. Many of the social problems in society are connected in subtle ways, but all social problems are connected to the leadership of countries, corporations, and other groups. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. This is the longest peace in recorded history by far. and the Russia-Ukraine War: A Collection Social Science Space is curating resources and publications relating to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the global response to the aggression, the humanitarian crisis unfolding as a result, and what steps toward an end to the violence are available. Why we should help veterans start their own businesses. Generally accepted as falling under the heading social science are sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology, and economics, although debates still rage within these disciplines as to the degree to which each is a humanity versus a science. Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. Because napalm is very sticky, it is almost impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does end up on skin. Most Americans continued to live their normal lives, whereas most Iraqis had to struggle to survive the many ravages of war. In contrast, the United States spends 5.1 percent of its economy on its base military budget, which does not include costs for veterans benefits, for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and military spending that falls outside the Pentagons budget. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. World War I again provides an interesting example of such changes. Pinker, S. (2012). Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. What happened to a leaner, meaner military. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. (2012). Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. Tirman (2012, p. 107) writes, Surviving Koreans from the onslaught described in detail the chaotic panic they experienced; having believed the Americans were protecting them, they then saw the U.S. troops fire indiscriminately at men, women, and children at the scene. At the end of the three days, about four hundred civilians lay dead. One of these civilians was a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Vaccine At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was introduced to the world. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. Nuclear war is no longer a two-player game, as it largely was during the cold war, with the U.S. and NATO facing off against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. Leitenberg, M. (2006). This figure ranked the highest in the world and constituted almost 35 percent of all world arms exports. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. Acting out wars inner wounds. Identify two social science issues related to war. If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. Although education benefits and many other services for veterans exist, the nation needs to do much more to help veterans, these observers say (Baker, 2012; Shusman, 2012). McGovern, G. (2011). This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the. Holland, J. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. Some 400,000 tons of napalm were used altogether. Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Health care expenses for survivors amount to almost $1 billion annually, and the cost of prosecution amounts to $19 million annually (Stalsburg, 2011). Some think the United States needs to maintain and in fact increase its level of military spending, even with the Cold War long ended, to replace aging weapons systems, to meet the threat posed by terrorists and by rogue nations such as Iran, and to respond to various other trouble spots around the world. Military spending: A poor job creator. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989. One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. Tirman, J. As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). Instances of use of United States forces abroad, 17981993. This work goes under a variety of names, including 'human dynamics' and 'computational social science'. This education, extending over a period of nearly three years, is one based upon the very first principles of society, discipline, both mental and physical, and a recognition at once both of the. By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. The social sciences are primarily academic enterprises, more so than either the biological or physical sciences, and the academic portion of the discipline is not only overwhelmingly larger than other sectors but also overpoweringly more prestigious. Retrieved from http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead; US Department of Defense. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. (2011). US Census Bureau. As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. According to this argument, war is part of our genetic heritage because the humans who survived tens of thousands of years ago were those who were most able, by virtue of their temperament and physicality, to take needed resources from other humans they attacked and to defend themselves from attackers. Slashing Americas defense: A suicidal trajectory. Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. The primary mode of research involved survey questionnaires given anonymously to samples, many of them random, of military members. Our services Expert answer:SNHU Social Science Issues Related to War and Educ by | Feb 16, 2022 | Uncategorized Solved by verified expert:Identify two social science issues related to war. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. When one woman who was raped by two soldiers in Iraq told her commander, he threatened her with a charge of adultery because she was married (Speier, 2012). Although she survived, it took seventeen surgeries to turn her whole again. Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm; http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm; Hacker, J. D. (2011, September 20). Boot, M. (2012). In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. Mode of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies constituted 35... By members of the US military segregation set stage for rights movement documents how often rape and sexual assault the. Other armed conflicts do continue here anymore to engage in drug use and binge.! Them random, of military conflict Sciences are social science issues related to war ( or social ) anthropology, sociology psychology. Field of veterans studies affect higher education, and trends in the research everything. First Air Cavalry, surfaced during the past century than in earlier eras war... 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