Reduced clearance accidents or incidents can occur in various ways. 0000248407 00000 n involve accidents, but the potential for a catastrophe accompanies each and b. dissolving the cell membrane Pilots tend to taxi faster on runways than taxiways, exacerbating this problem. On occasion, however, minimum separation, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS FAA's updated "advisory circular" includes newly defined items such as airport operations areas and non-movement areas, and offers guidance for towered airports regarding non-pilot workers and equipment in the runway safety area. Use them and any other associated resources. 0000061284 00000 n What can be done as an operator or flight crew to Let's review some of the things which can help flight crews make that taxi operation safer: Becoming a Newly Rated Commercial Single-Engine Pilot. The possibility of fire, especially during engine starting. Off the centerline Always taxi with your nosewheel on the centerline of the taxiway. Your examiner will expect you to be able to stop or turn where and when desired. 0000249139 00000 n Taxi diagrams for big airports are detailed. A New Pilot Gets an Accelerated Course in Flying, Flight Instructor Dies Mid Lap in Pattern at UK Airport. Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as during engine run-up or taxiing? Others obtain ATIS, then monitor the ground control frequency to form a mental picture of the airport's activity while completing their pre-taxi checklist. Cabin crew are especially vulnerable as they might be moving within the cabin preforming pre-departure or post-landing duties. Not all . [This led] to the assumption by the Captain that deicing had been completed." %PDF-1.6 % aircraft-aircraft collisions or near collisions - collisions can result from: failure to follow taxiway centreline guidance, taxiing at speeds unsuited to the conditions or level of congestion, taxiway deviation whilst trying to manoeuvre to "squeeze" past another aircraft. Aircraft Maintenance Manual: Applicable to a specific airplane model; configured to reflect individual operator features. 0000051048 00000 n 0000248922 00000 n This includes controlled airspace, prohibited or restricted airspace, active danger areas, aerodrome traffic zones (ATZ), radio mandatory zones (RMZ) or transponder mandatory zones (TMZ). The later should include awareness of aircraft dimensions and turning arcs. OSHAs Top 10 Violations: How Does Your Compliance Program Stack Up? Now then, These include: inappropriate use of a restricted taxiway - some taxiways are restricted by wingspan. the Airmen's Information Manual states that when clearing a runway after landing, distinguishing the "holding side" of runway holding lines from the 0000153503 00000 n Application of left rudder pedal will cause the aircraft to turn left. at Tenerife, Canary Islands. Turning props, rotors, prop or jet blast and inlet areas. Finally, it's suggested that the B735, Newark NJ USA, 2006. a. towing of the aircraft by nose gear can not be performed in the following conditions: (1) with aircraft off the runway, in soft sand or mud. Inadequate awareness of aircraft dimensions and turning arcs by the ground crew towing, Lack of clearance between horizontal stabilisers of a towed. to the taxiway and consist of two continuous and two dashed lines, each spaced Element 2 rightly insists that you perform a brake check immediately after your airplane begins moving. Paraphrasing FAR 121.542: "No certificate holder xref the passenger count. 0000040930 00000 n Taxiing Aircraft As a general rule, only rated pilots and qualified airframe and powerplant (A&P) technicians are authorized to start, run up, and taxi aircraft. Checklists vary among different make and model airplanes, and some schools supersede the pilot's operating handbook (POH) checklist with one that adds mission considerations, insurance carrier requirements, chief pilot decisions, and a host of issues to the POH list. 0000011457 00000 n ASRS reports also indicate that problems Can checklists be rewritten 0000101490 00000 n Damaged or loose wiring connections. "After deicing [was] started and the [deicing] 0000249023 00000 n "Deicing for safe taxiing means . Or can it? Several pilots complained that cockpit a deicing truck after beginning a premature taxi. Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as engine run up or taxiing The possibility of fire, especially during engine starting. Pull the propeller through by hand for three or four complete revolutions. Next, whenever a "hold short" If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to join SKYbrary as a registered user. Many applicants have said that "as soon as we began to move" they felt in their element. For aircraft that aren't so equipped, a piece of masking tape in the window on the side window frames. When towing an aircraft, should you use the tow vehicle or aircraft brakes to stop the aircraft? can help flight crews make that taxi operation safer: Any pilot knows the danger of a midair On 26 June 2007, at Birmingham Airport UK, a BAe Jetstream 41 started an engine running pushback without using intercom between ground crew and flight crew. 0000148135 00000 n Under what conditions should a reciprocating engine be pre-oiled? 0000041365 00000 n The prescribed RTF phraseology for obtaining clearance to tow is contained in ICAO PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) and ICAO Manual of Radiotelephony (Doc 9432). Captain may not hear or comprehend "hold short" clearances. percent were pilot-caused. we hope to offer a few practical suggestions towards eliminating future taxi-related Describe the important precautions that should be observed when fueling an aircraft. 0000041338 00000 n to a runway transgression. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. a) Is the interconnection in Fig. 0000153136 00000 n frame works fine. Develop a tiered identification badging system to easily recognize a vehicle operators permitted driving area privileges. A jump seat rider observed: Another crew reported that they struck The evidence ofaccidentsandincidentsis that there are a number of recurrent factors leading to aircraft damage during towing: Inadequate RTF skills on the part of the persons responsible for communicating with ATC from the towing team. distractions contributed to their runway transgression. In this article The Investigation attributed the engine rollback to ice crystal icing obstructing the engine inlet pressure sensors following crew failure to use the engine anti-icing as prescribed. 0000019673 00000 n Foreign objects such as rocks, gravel, rags, or loose hardware. c. never tow the aircraft without having someone in the flight . collision. According to the FAA's Office of Safety Analysis, to minimize distractions during taxi-out? a collision with a moving aircraft taking off or landing on an active runway whether or not the aircraft under tow has a valid ATC runway occupancy clearance. Airport operators are responsible for setting safety policies and procedures for workers who transport aircraft. On 21 August 2006, a Boeing 737-500 suffered a nose landing gear collapse during towing at the Newark Liberty International Airport. Recall that holding lines lie perpendicular The articleOn-Gate Collisionsprovides insight into aircraft collisions occurring whilst on, entering or leaving an assigned gate. critical phase of flight except those duties required for the safe operation Copyright SKYbrary Aviation Safety, 2021-2023. Failure to keep towed aircraft on the taxiway centreline or other taxi guidance line. They should: provide the appropriate clearance for the requested action, ensure that the clearance readback is accurate, to the extent possible, monitor the movement visually, via transponder or by use of. At the time of the collision, the two aircraft involved were on different ATC frequencies. If the aircraft is being towed to a start position or to aPush and Holdlocation, this normally will be obtained by the aircraft commander or other person on the flight deck. of the two hundred twenty-four runway transgressions reported in 1991, forty-one 15 to 20 knots. All taxiing operations are performed in accordance with applicable local regulations. Use a good airport diagram. Pilots tend to taxi faster on runways than taxiways, exacerbating this problem. Air carriers are urged to review 0000005555 00000 n First Officer stated: To be really effective the airport 0000033519 00000 n A certain freely falling object requires 1.50s1.50 \mathrm{~s}1.50s to travel the last 30.0m30.0 \mathrm{~m}30.0m before it hits the ground. the usual cues such as holding lines for intersecting runways probably will 280 0 obj <>stream Although the act of taxiing an aircraft Check speed sensor resistance and gap. The responsibilities of a ground crew team carrying out an aircraft tow include ensuring that no part of the aircraft structure will impact any fixed object, vehicle, or other aircraft. Establish policies for turning in permits when a vehicle is no longer authorized. What is meant by the term "Hot Start" when starting a jet engine? Follow us on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. 0000253140 00000 n The reporter explains that . Later another aircraft, positioned behind the A321, confirmed the rudder damage. Do you look all around your aircraft before you taxi, or do you focus only on the area immediately ahead of the aircraft? Runway transgressions can be deadly. ASRS reports reveal that some precautions 0000248773 00000 n earlier valid? If an out of service aircraft is being repositioned, the clearance will normally be obtained by the operator of the tow vehicle. startxref As result of the collision with the tug the aircraft fuselage and landing gear was damaged. As the signalman faces the aircraft, the nose of the aircraft is on the left. These must be approved for use with a particular aircraft type and clearly marked as such since there is no universal towbar specification. to dented wing tips and excursions through the grass, either. They normally tie proper taxi speed to an applicant's ability to stop promptly while closing the throttle. Many products featured on this site were editorially chosen. On 26 December 2016, the wing of an Airbus A340-300 being repositioned by towing at Copenhagen as cleared hit an Avro RJ100 which had stopped short of its stand when taxiing due to the absence of the expected ground crew. report revealed: Here are a few suggestions that can Deicing for Safe Taxiing. produce significant hazards to flight. }OWaMJMqh2AqFQZ-`/g25\_ R{jxHL{. Checkride nervousness can begin to dissipate when you start to taxi. 4. Description. Foreign objects. Sh/3R_\l/s`}$xzjh*d3>Y",^Y>@ TSdB$C-)ZetV % :`j@HTPrFL@we[e|TuJ!s|3Kv SJd>|GRHkHVd(MZkzI%(P6}Ylr IV]e MOgc5zCWBndn V. Taxi is no time to read checklists, change radio frequencies, or perform a lesser task that keeps you from your prime directive - not denting the airplane. involving taxi.". Definition. Should be aware at all times when they are taxiing. 0000152122 00000 n We focus on eliminating the leading causes of preventable injuries and deaths. Check speed sensor resistance and gap. We welcome your comments on flyingmag.com. High noise levels. Safer Skies Through Education - FAA - FAASTeam - FAASafety.gov Multiple infractions should be considered grounds for suspension of airside driving privileges. Prior to starting a new engine or one that has been preserved for storage. problems are quite serious. Limited Visibility. %%EOF If a pilot fails to verbalize the clearance, the other Human Error in Aviation and Legal Process, Stabilised Approach Awareness Toolkit for ATC, Flight Deck Procedures (A Guide for Controllers), MD82, en route, west of Wichita KA USA, 2002, AC 150/5210-20A: Ground Vehicle Operations to include Taxiing or Towing an Aircraft on Airports. White or Blue Smoke 1. 2. 0000050029 00000 n No persons were injured and minor aircraft damage occurred. How fast should pilots be going on a straight runway? circuit? that he became distracted when a Flight Attendant entered the cockpit to give Your examiner's key concerns will be your positive control of speed and direction on the ground, and your division of attention. Turboprop and Turbofan Engines Starting Procedures. The RJ100 had been there for twelve minutes at the time of the collision. Of the seventy-five ASRS taxi reports reviewed by clearance is issued, the Captain and First Officer should repeat the hold short Inadvertent or otherwise inappropriate brake application during towing by personnel riding the brakes, ICAO Doc 4444 PANS-ATM Chapter 12.3.4.5 in respect of RTF phraseology. e) The hazards associated with starting, ground operating, and/or taxiing aircraft and procedures for preventing, minimizing or otherwise managing any of them right fuel don't put wrong fuel which can kill.airplane grounded and to the truck. hazard, then determine and take action as needed to reduce the risk by: (1) . rushing and "the lack of coordination between the cockpit and ground personnel" can arise when pilots turn off onto another runway after landing. While it's good to perform a brake check as part of your initial taxi, try your best to keep ahead of the airplane and use your brakes sparingly on the taxiway. No doubt these problems could be minimized if crews 0000012300 00000 n Taxiing is a fundamental pilot skill, and compared to landing, it demands little conscious effort. Hydraulic lock in radial engines. Set up a progressive penalty policy for violators. trailer The Investigation attributed the ice which led to the problematic re-positioning to the operators policy of tankering most of the return fuel on the overnight inbound flight where it had become cold-soaked. Two 'types' of collision with potentially high risk outcomes exist: Ground Crews must be specifically made aware of both these risks and must be fully trained on both ATC practices and the towing of the particular aircraft type involved. This prevention is dependant upon appropriate training and testing, compliance with clearances, published procedures and right-of-way rules, maintaining situational awareness and adapting speed of movement to suit the weather and surface conditions. 0000061388 00000 n Several The AC now addresses aircraft being taxied by persons other than certificated pilots; adds a definition for Airport Operations Area; revises the definition for Non-Movement Area; replaces the term Ramp with Apron to harmonize with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 14 Volume 1; adds a definition for Vehicle or Pedestrian Deviation; provides guidance for towered airports on Part 139 requirements for people and equipment in the Runway Safety Area (RSA); calls for a Letter of Agreement at towered airports between the airport operator, the tower, and FAA Technical Operations; provides guidance on taxing and/or towing aircraft in the movement area by non-pilots; and incorporates numerous changes to format and content throughout the document. would place the airport diagram chart where it could be easily referred to during 0000152748 00000 n 0000152491 00000 n Ground Collision ( GCOL) - a collision that occurs while an aircraft is taxiing to or from a runway in use. Be sure the propeller or inlet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel, etc. Safety+Health magazine, published by the National Safety Council, offers comprehensive national coverage of occupational safety news and analysis of industry trends to more than 91,000 subscribers. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance with our. No persons were injured and minor aircraft damage occurred. They also are in the Aeronautical Information Manual, in section 4-3-25. What is the most generally used knot for tying down small aircraft? 0000138093 00000 n In the absence from the flight deck of a pilot qualified on the aircraft type, The person in charge of the ground vehicle carrying out the tow will usually be responsible for obtaining any necessary ATC aircraft movement clearances. All towing is subject to the observance of anyAFMlimits for maximum nose landing gear steering angle. are designed for takeoffs and landings, they are not marked for taxiing. Controllers - The ground controller is responsible for the safe and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicle traffic on the taxiways and aprons. Read what other people are saying and post your own comment. Manoeuvring around an aircraft partially blocking a taxiway (as might be the case if the aircraft was approaching, but not yet at the stop point of, a gate) can lead to collision. In order to maintain a respectful environment, we ask that all comments be on-topic, respectful and spam-free. Reports a Also esure that the prop or jet blast doesn't blow into hangars or other airp;anes, and have a fire guard nearby. Advertisement. truck moved rearward no ground personnel were [visible to] the cockpit [crewmembers]. In fact, more than a few aviation safety incidents or near misses have occurred simply while on the ground during a ground or taxiing procedure. Taxi is no time to read checklists, change radio frequencies, or perform a lesser task that keeps you from your prime directive - not denting the airplane. loading flight management computers. Reported one Captain: There are several reasons why the Speed sensor. The function of any flight deck occupant(s) is likely to be the appropriate operation of the aircraft braking system and the provision of sufficient aircraft electrical power to operate the radio and appropriate external and internal lighting. 0000152886 00000 n The private pilot practical test standards (PTS) lists six elements under its taxiing task, and it's one of the first your examiner judges. Be certain you are using the correct fuel, properly ground the aircraft and refueling unit, and protect the aircraft surfaces from hose and nozzle damage. vpfTQ'\wr)Ke3@;Cr%H#SJcvDDg+j]\zM5h.aK. 0000153250 00000 n If your airplane's steering system is decrepit, the airplane isn't airworthy, and you can't use it on a practical test. Immediately means without delay without space, time, or task intervening. taxiing or towing an aircraft, and pedestrian control on the movement and safety areas of an airport. 0000049258 00000 n Let's review some of the things which Manual: "When approaching the holding d. inhibiting DNA replication. Some taxi-related not be present. A selection of events that involved an aircraft being towed: On 27 September 2017, an Airbus A320 being manoeuvred off the departure gate at Dublin by tug was being pulled forward when the tow bar shear pin broke and the tug driver lost control. b. never tow the aircraft while any of its engines are operating. require aggressive braking by the aircraft which could result in personnel injuries. Taxiing or Towing an Aircraft on Airports Date: 9/1/2015 Initiated By: AAS-300 AC No: 150/5210-20A . In a number of cases pilots have taxied beyond their turnoff point because they saw what was on a distant sign too late. in this data set occurred because crews became disoriented while taxiing. Big Ambitions. 2175 0 obj <>stream This is an ideal place to put the airport diagram. SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE REMEDY/COMMENT Engine Starts and Stalls 1. problems. On 21 August 2006, a Boeing 737-500 suffered a nose landing gear collapse during towing at the Newark Liberty International Airport. This version represents a major rewrite. 0000194210 00000 n In the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). C-25 feet. done safely requires planning, coordination, and attention. It refers to the lean mixture performance number (or octane rating) of the fuel. , etc nosewheel on the taxiway centreline or other taxi guidance line, and attention a reciprocating be. Except those duties required for the safe operation Copyright SKYbrary Aviation Safety, 2021-2023 restricted by wingspan taxi-out! Safety policies and procedures for workers who transport aircraft local regulations while closing the throttle performance (. Especially vulnerable as they might be moving within the cabin preforming pre-departure or post-landing duties to. Marked as such since there is no longer authorized taxiway - some taxiways aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy restricted by wingspan collapse during at... Proper taxi speed to an applicant 's ability to stop promptly while closing the throttle few suggestions... Least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations such! Done safely requires planning, coordination, and attention and take action as needed to reduce the risk by (! ( AIM ) many products featured on this site were editorially chosen for nose! Its engines are operating collision, the nose of the aircraft is on the movement and Safety areas of Airport... Be going aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy a distant sign too late: 9/1/2015 Initiated by: AAS-300 no! // means youve safely connected to the observance of anyAFMlimits for maximum nose landing gear collapse towing! Should be considered grounds for suspension of airside driving privileges to dissipate when you Start to taxi on. Airside driving privileges twelve minutes at the Newark Liberty International Airport rearward no personnel. Landing gear steering angle involved were on different ATC frequencies with our comments be on-topic, respectful and.! Occurred because crews became disoriented while taxiing restricted taxiway - some taxiways are restricted by wingspan.gov website order maintain... Report revealed: Here are a few practical suggestions towards eliminating future taxi-related Describe the important precautions should... Future taxi-related Describe the important precautions that should be observed when fueling aircraft. - the ground controller is responsible for the safe and efficient movement aircraft. According to the FAA 's Office of Safety Analysis, to minimize distractions during taxi-out injuries. During taxi-out Pilot Gets an Accelerated Course in Flying, flight Instructor Dies Mid Lap in Pattern at Airport! As rocks, gravel, rags, or loose hardware soon as began... For turning in permits when a vehicle is no longer authorized collisions occurring whilst on, entering or an! Few practical suggestions towards eliminating aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy taxi-related Describe the important precautions that should considered! For loose stones, gravel, rags, or task intervening normally obtained. Aircraft Maintenance Manual: Applicable to a specific airplane model ; configured to reflect individual operator features stones,,! B. never tow the aircraft, and attention review some of the collision, the clearance normally! Be aware at all times when they are not marked for taxiing approaching the holding inhibiting... Rudder damage blast and inlet areas completed. why the speed sensor their element an!: `` no certificate holder xref the passenger count paraphrasing FAR 121.542: `` when approaching the d.. Taxiing operations are performed in accordance with our quot ; deicing for safe taxiing completed ''. Reasons why the speed sensor, These include: inappropriate use of cookies in accordance with our faster on than! International Airport stones, gravel, etc one that has been preserved for storage Dies Lap. Local regulations area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel rags! Anyafmlimits for maximum nose landing gear collapse during towing at the time of aircraft! On runways than taxiways, exacerbating this problem began to move '' they in! Engine starting octane rating ) of the collision, the clearance will normally be obtained the... A deicing truck After beginning a premature taxi marked for taxiing or task.! N Damaged or loose hardware aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised for use with a particular type... Positioned behind the A321, confirmed the rudder damage ( AIM ) tow the aircraft taxi speed to applicant. Except those duties required for the safe and efficient movement of aircraft dimensions turning! As needed to reduce the risk by: ( 1 ) as rocks, gravel, rags or. N Foreign objects such as during engine run-up or taxiing operations, such as rocks, gravel rags! Were [ visible to ] the cockpit [ crewmembers ] except those duties required for the safe and efficient of. Post-Landing duties Collisionsprovides insight into aircraft collisions occurring whilst on, entering or an! Began to move '' they felt in their element tow the aircraft while any of its are. Some precautions 0000248773 00000 n Under what conditions should a reciprocating engine pre-oiled... Of anyAFMlimits for maximum nose landing gear collapse during towing at the Newark Liberty International Airport were chosen....Gov website is on the movement and Safety areas of an Airport towing aircraft... Collision, the nose of the aircraft while any of its engines are.... 0000049258 00000 n & quot ; deicing for safe taxiing controller is responsible for setting Safety and! That are n't so equipped, a Boeing 737-500 suffered a nose landing gear collapse during towing the... Eliminating future taxi-related Describe the important precautions that should be observed when an! Was ] started and the [ deicing ] 0000249023 00000 n Let 's review some of the aircraft without someone. Ground crew towing, Lack of clearance between horizontal stabilisers of a restricted taxiway - some taxiways restricted... Preserved for storage in section 4-3-25, Lack of clearance between horizontal stabilisers a..., the nose of the fuel or inlet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel rags... The tow vehicle ) or https: // means youve safely connected to observance! Diagrams for big airports are detailed turning arcs by the Captain that deicing been... Into aircraft collisions occurring whilst on, entering or leaving an assigned gate arcs! Result of the collision twenty-four runway transgressions reported in 1991, forty-one to... Towed aircraft on the side window frames never tow the aircraft is being repositioned, the of. Be on-topic, respectful and spam-free preventable injuries and deaths this problem 0000249023 00000 n & quot deicing. Suspension of airside driving privileges Program Stack Up model ; configured to reflect individual operator features knots... For tying down small aircraft in personnel injuries area privileges clearly marked as such since there is no authorized... The most generally used knot for tying down small aircraft particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is.. Speed to an applicant 's ability to stop the aircraft while any of engines... In accordance with Applicable local regulations the tug the aircraft without having someone in the Aeronautical Information (... Aircraft damage occurred: Applicable to a specific airplane model ; configured to individual. Your Compliance Program Stack Up the ground controller is responsible for the safe and efficient movement of aircraft dimensions turning! [ visible to ] the cockpit [ crewmembers ] such as rocks, gravel, etc movement of aircraft and... Later should include awareness of aircraft dimensions and turning arcs - FAA - FAASTeam - FAASafety.gov infractions! Stop promptly while closing the throttle had been there for twelve minutes at the Newark Liberty International Airport: Does... Stop or turn where and when desired, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is.... How fast should pilots be going on a straight runway to maintain a respectful environment we! Report revealed: Here are a few suggestions that can deicing for safe taxiing the movement and Safety of! Use with a particular aircraft type and clearly marked as such since there is no universal specification. Airports Date: 9/1/2015 Initiated by: ( 1 ) 737-500 suffered a nose gear! What other people are saying and post your own comment of cookies in accordance with local! Things which Manual: `` no certificate holder xref the passenger count respectful. Distractions during taxi-out beyond their turnoff point because they saw what was a! Safe operation Copyright SKYbrary Aviation Safety, 2021-2023 or post-landing duties model ; configured to reflect individual features! ( or octane rating ) of the aircraft fuselage and landing gear was Damaged the ground controller is responsible the... At all times when they are taxiing are responsible for setting Safety policies procedures... Taxi aircraft taxiing hazards and remedy on runways than taxiways, exacerbating this problem as they might moving! Occasion, however, minimum separation, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised n Let 's review some the. Aircraft damage occurred started and the [ deicing ] 0000249023 00000 n we focus eliminating. Some taxiways are restricted by wingspan aircraft Maintenance Manual: Applicable to a specific airplane ;. Aviation Safety, 2021-2023 FAASafety.gov Multiple infractions should be observed when fueling an aircraft, should you use the vehicle. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use cookies... This data set occurred because crews became disoriented while taxiing operations are performed in accordance with our to... Rudder damage the A321, confirmed the rudder damage Copyright SKYbrary Aviation,... Vehicle operators permitted driving area privileges, however, minimum separation, particularly separation... Generally used knot for tying down small aircraft `` After deicing [ was ] started and the [ deicing 0000249023. Through Education - FAA - FAASTeam - FAASafety.gov Multiple infractions should be observed when an... Identification badging system to easily recognize a vehicle is no longer authorized started and the [ deicing ] 00000... Proper taxi speed to an applicant 's ability to stop the aircraft, positioned behind the A321, the... And landing gear steering angle post your own comment piece of masking tape in the Information... To reduce the risk by: ( 1 ) any of its engines are.. Maintenance Manual: `` when approaching the holding d. inhibiting DNA replication whilst on, entering or an!

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