Table 4-9. Figure 4. Grading on a curve means adjusting student scores after an assignment. 7.5m blocks yield 52% of the total tonnage above cutoff at a grade of 0.310% Cu while 15m blocks yield 56% of total tonnage above cutoff at a grade of 0.289% Cu. Writing of weekly and monthly reports Password. This leads to study in details the following distributions: the in situ distribution of true block grades. The sensitivity analysis applied to the grade-tonnage relationship in mining projects is a recognized stage in all existing quality standards. Applying these in multi-element deposits can be a difficult practice, as the related attributes using the traditional co-simulation approaches require intensive . Certainly one can lower the cutoff grade, lower the head grade and produce fewer ounces of gold. Project Grade-Tonnage Curve Figure 3. Dynamic visualisation of single or multiple planes through Advanced reserve reporting with ability to break down by Support for a large number of blocks with options to add, delete or modify variables in real time. Break Even Analysis, Before I can calculate the cut off grade, I first need to show a basic equation which converts a troy ounce into grams per ton: 1 troy ounce = 311034768 grams per ton = 28349523125 grams per . Multivariate histogram in addition, a cumulative-percent tonnage metal curve and a cumulative-percent tonnage ore curve are plotted on the same graph to show the relationship of ore to metal in the deposits.although lasky found that an inverse relationship exists for ore tonnage and grade within porphyry deposits, this does not appear to be true for metal tonnage and Fig. Support for expressions to query data your way, and filter on what is relevant. Pit by Pit Graph at 30Mt per year Figure 7. Figure 5. Geostatistical simulations for orebodies can be used to obtain grade-tonnage curves, and determine uncertainty and risk assessments. A grade tonnage curve combines two or three equations together to produce one of the more important tools for analysing the data indicating the potential amount of material obtained when varying the cut-off grade applied. Table I below summarises the Adumbi indicated and inferred mineral resources based on in-situ block cut-off grade at a 0.52 g/t Au for Oxide, 0.57 g/t Au for Transition and 0.63 g/t Au for Fresh. Grade and Tonnage Uncertainty Analysis of an African Copper Deposit Using Multiple-Point Geostatistics and Sequential Gaussian Simulation . polytech., montreal, can. The grade tonnage curve is usually calculated with the in-situ resources or reserves and shows . Study Resources. Predicted grade tonnage curve allows you to quickly generate grade tonnage curves at any given block size without the need to import a block model. Efficiently and effectively communicate findings with dynamic charts and plots, including grade contouring, a flexible plotting environment, drillhole logs, scatterplots, histograms and special chart presentation layout mode, specifically designed for use in reports. Best practice for interim estimates is to use a restricted search with ordinary kriging to compute estimates that closely matches the anticipated grade tonnage curve (Parker, 1979). Family of curves showing gross revenue of US $50 X 106 to 1000 X 106 over a life-of-mine for deposits containing up to 30 X 106 t ore and less than 2 kg/t U308. . 12 - GRADE-TONNAGE CURVES Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 August 2009 Alastair J. Sinclair and Garston H. Blackwell Chapter Get access Summary A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. One should be reminded that grade tonnage curves provide a global and statistical appreciation of what the ore deposit could deliver in an ideal circumstance. Type Chapter Information It is an unconstrained grade tonnage curve which, although very common, it is based in an assumption that can hardly be considered realistic especially in underground mining methods. The 0.175% Cu cutoff grade is below the mean in this example. Abstract In order to develop long-term scenarios of copper supply and demand, a grade-tonnage density function model was developed for four major copper ore types. Inverse distance grade estimation. Base Case Definition Flowsheet. December Units 2016 2015 2014 Mineral Resource parameters Mineral Resource gold price US$/oz 1,400 1500 1,500 US$/A$ 0.76 0.86 0.96 A$/oz 1,850 1750 1,570 Cut-off for underground g/t 2.4 - 3.7 2.7 - 3.3 2.8 - 4.8 Mineral Reserve parameters Mineral Reserve gold price To get ac. Ordinary kriging provides direct control on the smoothing; a small number of data in the search will lead to a histogram of estimates with little smoothing. Analysis of komatiitic deposits from four regions revealed significant differences in grade and tonnage between regions. lacking. Once complete, this report can be used in externally in other software applications. As the cutoff increases, the tonnage decreases. The traditional grade tonnage curve represents an optimistic scenario since it considers that all tonnage above one cutoff is available to be mined. Grade/Tonnage Curves and Optimization of a Mining Project. Porphyry copper-grade tonnage curve In the graph above, assume a hypothetical deposit of 1 billion tonnes grading 0.5% copper. End of month Reconciliation Prepares Grade control Drilling Budgets. Grade Tonnage Curve analysis Design of Mining perimeters. From geology and mining planning to management and investment areas they are used for economic and financial analysis . methods of calculating tonnage in miningHome / methods of calculating tonnage in mining. Project Cut-off Grade Equation and Calculation.. other than manually taking a shell and doing a grade-tonnage curve within it. 4. Main Menu; by School; by Literature Title; by Subject; Textbook Solutions Expert Tutors Earn. In essence, periods when supply is low (or demand is high) may not be the right time to further cut supply by lowering head grades. or. 1 Pre-tax, based on a gold price of $1,650/oz 2 Mineral Resources use a gold price of $1,950/oz. Assessing risk in grade-tonnage curves in a complex copper deposit, northern Brazil, based on an efficient joint simulation of multiple correlated variables The grade tonnage curve is usually . Many translated example sentences containing "grade-tonnage curve" - Spanish-English dictionary and search engine for Spanish translations. Email. The risk quantification in grade-tonnage curves is critical for capital investment in mining projects. the distribution of estimated block grades. Using these curves, ten CIs (95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10%) are generated to quantify uncertainty on the predicted mean tonnage curve. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. The Grade Tonnage Curves display the tonnage above the cut-off grade and average grade of a deposit relative to cut-off grade. To report tonnage, the tonnes from implicit modelling can be combined with grade-tonnage curves from support analysis. The CIs are not symmetric around the mean curve. Each CI is defined by its lower and upper bounds. Grade tonnage curve As the final size of a mineral deposit is defined by its grade and tonnage, a grade tonnage curve chart has been added to Micromine 2020 to visually maps and depict this end stage. Tonnages - definition of tonnages by The Free Dictionary. Select the "Grade-Tonnage curve" (EDAGTC) command and select the block model (note that this command only works with block models). The lower U 3 0 8 grade limit is now about 144 TOENS . Generally, professors aim for an average grade in the C to B range . The Kiniero Gold Project has been evaluated on a discounted cash flow basis. It has been applied in financial analysis of the ore bodies providing an indication of the proportions (tonnages) and the grade at a range of different cut-off grades. To find the tonnage of each block, the specific gravity of ore and core recovery percent is required. Pit by Pit Graph at 33Mt per year Figure 8. This results in a potential range of size and grade for the deposit based on the current information. grade-tonnage curves, aiding decision makers to make well-informed decisions at the pre- . View Lectura 11 - Risk in grade tonnage curves.pdf from AA 1HOME A Geology-Based Joint Conditional Simulation of a Lateritic Nickel Deposit - Quantification of Risk in Grade Tonnage Curves and. No. Grade Tonnage Curve: How Far Can It Be Relied Upon? Perhaps running multiple optimizations at different base case prices may . The tonnage and grade of a second type of sulfide deposit, which is associated with small orogenic intrusions, were also found to be lognor . ming metallurgy, bull., trans. So according to this data, we could calculate the deposit based on different cut-off grades. The grade-tonnage curve output by change of support represents change as a proportion, not actual tonnes. Introduction The grade tonnage curve is widely used in the mining industry. or reset password. Average NPVs (M$) across 15 simulated grade-tonnage curves as a result of sensitivity analysis of different economic and operational parameters. The model was used to create cumulative grade-tonnage curves, representing 1,778 million metric tons (Mt) of mineable copper. It must be kept in mind that the tonnage/grade curve is generated by a simple mathematical summation of the tonnes and in-situ grades of the resource blocks within the block model. However, once presented, the results are hardly. 0.2 kg/t, and the minimum tonnage requirement about 3 X 106 t. Figure 3 illustrates that for a gross . Close Log In. 90. ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Complex loop diagram of factors influencing cut-off . Until the mid-2000s, a typical copper grade was 0.4%, meaning everything to the left of the dashed line was considered waste rock. Creation of customised reports including grade tonnage curves. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content. 8 shows the grade-tonnage curve of Choghart north anomaly iron ore . The data and variogram are the same for both grade tonnage curves, only the support has changed. Drawing grade-tonnage curves needs to finding the tonnage of different grades. . Hit Enter and configure the parameters in the window: Select the grade type Input a density Input a minimum cut-off grade (based on the statistics report) Input a maximum cut-off grade (based on the statistics report) Now this is the point where the grade-tonnage curve comes into play. In the mining industry, from the geology and mine planning areas to management, the grade tonnage curve has been applied in economic and financial analysis probably being one of the most important tools used in determining the volume and grade of material in face of variations of the cut-off grade. GradeTonnageCurve_HowFarCanItBeReliedUpon - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Grades and Curves in the Simulation Section: Pentes et courbes dans la zone couverte par la simulation: Mineralized wireframes were interpreted and used to constrain grade interpolation by ordinary kriging with validation by inverse distance and change-of-support adjusted grade-tonnage curves. able The benefit of this is that the grade tonnage curve for relatively small from GEOLOGY 213 at Middle East Technical University Engineered with efficiency in mind, the . It has been applied in financial analysis of the ore bodies providing an indication of the proportions (tonnages) and the grade at a range of different cut-off grades. The upside being an extension in the mine life. The results of the . grade-tonnage curve: use and misuse in ore-reserve estimation author david m ec. The pit optimization analysis does yield a fair bit of information about the ore body configuration, the vertical grade distribution, and addresses how all of that impacts on the pit size. source instit. metric tons. The idea of "the curve" goes back to a bell curve. One should be reminded that grade tonnage curves provide a global and statistical appreciation of what the ore deposit could deliver in an ideal circumstance. Rules such as the 500-meter rule used here are essential to an internally consistent assessment system where the estimated number of undiscovered deposits is consistent with the grade and tonnage model. The traditional grade tonnage curve does not take into consideration continuity which is an important aspect in mining. 2 1. Deposit grade and tonnage have a significant inverse cor relation. 11; Publisher: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology ORE RESERVES (xlO6) FIG. The grade tonnage curve is usually calculated . Since its beginning, with the works of D. Krige and later, G. Matheron, geostatistics has been analyzing in detail the essential factors at play in ore reserves estimation problems, with the ever-present aim of an optimal use of the available information. Grade-Tonnage curves are a visual representation of the impact of cut-off grades on mineral reserves. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. In order to avoid serious errors in calculating a grade-tonnage curve, we must be able to define clearly the relationships existing between estimates and the corresponding true values. Get Price. The 500-meter rule was developed to insure that deposits in grade and tonnage models correspond to deposits as geologic entities. Mining In the mining industry, from the geology and mine planning areas to management, the grade tonnage curve has been applied for decades now in economic and financial analysis probably being one of the most important tools in determining the volume and grade of material in face of variations of the cut-off grade. Leapfrog Geo can display multiple grade tonnage curves on one graph. In book: An analysis of Nevada's metal-bearing mineral resources (pp.Chapter 11, p. 11.1-11.18) Chapter: Grade and tonnage models, Ch. Given the smoothing In the mining industry, from the geology and mine planning areas to management, the grade tonnage curve has been applied in economic and financial analysis probably being one of the most important tools used in determining the volume and grade of material in face of variations of the cut-off grade. The curve does regard that all blocks can be mined and gives no hint about the cohesiveness of the mineralization in face of variations in the Grade tonnage curves are usually built using kriged block models. Pit by Pit Graph at 26Mt per year Figure 6. The Grade Tonnage Curve feature produces a chart that displays the average grade versus tonnage, allowing geologists to quickly understand the effect of mining at different cutoff grades. International mining software company MineRP worked on a spin-off of a SAP HANA POC and come up with a unique invention patented as a system and method for mineral asset management, accounting and analysis. Remember me on this computer. ; AssessRiskInGrade-TonCurve - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. In a typical class, professors can expect a majority of grades to fall near the class average, with a smaller number of A grades and failing grades. By 2014, the cut-off grade is reduced to 0.25%. 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