I'm relatively new to exploring my Choctaw heritage and it's hard for me to find out a lot about it because my Grandfather and great Grandma on my mom's side are dead and she doesn't remember a whole lot about what her grandma told her. They finally traveled across what is now the Yucatn again in canoes. They then rebuilt their sacred Nanih Waya and found a sacred home for their ancestor's bones that they lovingly carried with them all those many years. European colonization brought with it a hierarchy that placed both Indigenous traditions and LGBTQ+ people outside the acceptable norms of civil society. If a clerk has issued or decides to issue a marriage license to a same-sex couple, there will be no adverse action taken by the Attorney General against that circuit clerk on behalf of the State. On the other hand, a clerk who refuses to issue a marriage license to a same-sex couple could be sued by the denied couple and may face liability. Mississippi Supreme Court Rules That Lesbian Spouses Are Both Legal Parents to Their Marital Children", "Attorney General Opinion Regarding Same Sex Marriage in MBCI Tribal Court", "The Queer South: Where the past is not past, and the future is now", Starkville becomes first Miss. As Otoe-Missouria and Choctaw journalist and activist Johnnie Jae tweeted, If you are NOT Nativeyou are NOT Two-Spirit. The relationship goes back to the Great Famine. From then on, it was only the foolish persons who did not heed the warnings of the small, who were hurt from the vine's poison.[8][9]. The lawsuit was filed in DeSoto County, in Mississippi's Third District Chancery Court, in September 2013. Called "Kindred. Early Choctaw History. and Living Two Spirit. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. #MeditatingOnWhatMatters brings you resources and inspiration on ways to explore and embrace all the parts of who we are by dissecting the Four Pillars of Perception: Race, Gender, Body, and Sexuality. Two-Spirit individuals paved a path of inclusion long before colonial constructs dismantled the belief system that transgendered and other gendered folks could serve in some of the most revered. Dr. The Mingo Chief Nitactaschi, called John Homma by the white man, was very skilled in the art of arrow-making and the clan prospered from his abilities. After returning the children to their homes, Bohpoli would leave them alone, letting them grow up to become doctors of the tribe. city to extend domestic partner benefits to LGBT city workers, Starkville passes equality resolution supporting LGBT residents, others, Mississippi town rescinds health coverage for unmarried domestic partners, "Starkville mayor vetoes board's repeal of equality resolution", Starkville, Mississippi Officials Override Mayor's Veto, Repeal Historic Gay-Rights Initiatives, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States, U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions, Recognition of same-sex unions in Colorado, Recognition of same-sex unions in Florida, History of same-sex marriage in the United States, Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States, Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States, Cities and counties in the United States offering a domestic partnership registry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Mississippi&oldid=1140708797, Same-sex marriage in the United States by state, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles containing Choctaw-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the. A member of the Navajo Nation, Jack Jackson Jr. is an openly gay attorney and politician from Arizona who served in the State House after winning his election in 2003. The past few years me and my sister have been reconnecting with our tribe by going to celebrations and learning bead work . Many years passedthe young men became old and the old men diedand people continued to talk about him. On February 5, 1997, the House of Representatives passed the bill, and Governor Kirk Fordice signed it into law on February 12. .css-4xjy6g{display:block;font-family:RundDisplay,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:0.01em;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-4xjy6g:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-4xjy6g{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;margin-top:1.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-4xjy6g{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:1.25rem;margin-top:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-4xjy6g{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.2;}}35 Amazing Lesbian TV Shows You Need to Watch, All the Best Lesbian Sex Toys to Add to Your Cart, The 27 Best Movies With Lesbian Characters. They would follow it throughout its life in the day, until it died over the horizon in the evening. The shadow-like beings would often stalk children of younger adult age. The term Two-Spirit is not an umbrella term for LGBTQ identities. They are stories told by family members to others close to them. Two-Spirit people were considered doubly gifted, doing the work of both men and women. George. One day, the sun rested over a great expanse of water, and the boys swam into it, going underneath. But in the travel to the surface, the mother of the grasshoppers was stepped on by the men, which stopped the rest of her children from reaching the surface. Ancient societies thought highly of the contributions Two-Spirit people made to benefit the tribe. If accounts are told by people outside his circle, the stories lose their passion. Native American societies had a diverse range of genders. The Choctaw people's ancestral homeland spanned from most of central and southern . As a Native woman and lesbian I know what its like to be left out, to not have a voice, she said after her victory. [The design symbolizes] that when they give aid to someone sick, they come off this imaginary road, and when the sick was well, he returned to this road and continued,. Mid-eighteenth-century Choctaws did view the sun as a being endowed with life. I also live in California, so I'm a long way for Oklahoma. The Choctaw do have what we'd now call two-spirit genders which were Hatukiklanna (male assigned at birth) and Hatukholba (female assigned at birth). He sometimes frightened hunters or transferred his power of doing harm. If the ofunlo (screech owl) was heard, it was a sign that a child under seven in the family was going to die. Justices Josiah D. Coleman and Jess H. Dickinson each joined each other's dissents, disagreeing with Obergefell and questioning the decision's constitutional authority. This made them practical as well as spiritual leaders, capable of providing more for their communities, including taking care of orphans and the elderly. Today, he is a respected physicist in Canada (Canada is part of the Americas) and hes since been named Chief Medical Officer by the First Nations Health Authority in 2014. Despite his size, her mate, Melatha, was extremely fast and left a trail of sparks as he streaked across the sky. They then traveled for hundreds of years down the coast down south. Unfortunately there's probably not a lot of info about Choctaw two-spirit people because gender non-conforming people and roles were repressed by religious colonizers. Little people and other human-like creatures, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians, "How Poison came into the World A Choctaw Legend", "Brothers who followed The Sun A Choctaw Legend", https://archives.alabama.gov/findaids/v7820.pdf, Choctaw Legends (Folklore, Myths, and Traditional Indian Stories), Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choctaw_mythology&oldid=1135643066, Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of North America, Articles needing additional references from April 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 January 2023, at 23:16. The court remanded the case to trial court for matters considering child support and custody.[37]. Of the series, she said, Continuous is my small answer to the large question: How do we as Indigenous people decolonize our sexualities, genders, and the way we treat individuals who identify outside of the standard binary of male or female?. After travelling for a mind-bogglingly long time, they finally came to a place where the pole stood upright. "[39] It is likely that Choctaw society had a designation like two-spirit for individuals who were born male but wore women's clothing and performed everyday household work and artistic handiwork which were regarded as belonging to the feminine sphere, but a lot of traditional knowledge was lost during the adoption of Christianity and the Trail of Tears for those Choctaw forcibly removed to the Indian Territory. The bees were the first to take the poison, and said that they will take a small amount so as to protect their hives. Hopefully this was helpful! According to Morgan 6the Choctaw were divided into two phratries, each including 4 gentes, as follows: A. Kushapokla (Divided people) Kushiksa (Reed) Lawokla Lulakiksa Linoklusha B.Watakihulata (Beloved people) Chufaniksa (Beloved people) Iskulani (Small people) Chito (Large people) Shakchukla (Crayfish people) The little wood sprite (ole) was known to be rather mischievous, but not malicious. Hushtahli is from Hashi (sun) and Tahli (to complete an action). The tribe was split into two groups, each with their own leader. Her poetry collections include Diaspora and Blues Divine. In honor of Indigenous Peoples' Day, these are some of our favorite people making an impact in their local communities and beyond. The Great Spirit. From then on the Choctaw called the creatures eske ilay ("mother dead"). Box 1210 Durant, Oklahoma 74702-1210 800-522-617. This year the event will be on Oct . Finally, the snakes took the rest of the poison. According to the Indian Health Service, two-spirit roles and many other Native traditions disappeared or went underground following the conquest of Native land by white settlers and government agents. The little man was called Bohpoli or Kowi anukasha, both names being used alone or together. The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma is a thriving nation of nearly 200,000 people. After the burial, the brothers discovered that the land could not support all the people. Although Fifth Circuit precedent prevented him from using a stricter standard when considering discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, he argued at length that the proper standard to use would be "heightened scrutiny" and he suggested the Fifth Circuit consider revisiting the question. Same-sex marriage in Mississippi has been legal since June 26, 2015. At first, the men and the women wore clothing made from the skins of the animals they hunted. Guide for Working with Two-Spirit and Native LGBTQ Youth: Human Rights Campaign Two-Spirit and LGBTQ Identities: Today and Centuries Ago (includes resource links): Indian Health Service Federal Health Program for American Indians and Alaska Natives: Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board Two-Spirit and LGBTQ Health: PBS Independent Lens Two Spirits Documentary: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Native Connections LQBTQ2S Resources: Two-Spirits of the First Nations (Toronto, ON): Two-Spirited People of Manitoba (Winnipeg, MB). Anyways, I'm transgender (female to male) and I was wondering if anyone knows anything about transgender people or two-spirits in our tribe? Those already above ground spread in all directions, just as the first tribes of man had done. McAlester 1638 S George Nigh Expy McAlester, OK 74501 (918) 423-8161 McAlester, Oklahoma, runs on excitement. It encompasses a variety of understandings of gender. The Halpert Papers. And what is part of Choctawan aesthetics is that we revere things that are unusual. Two-spirit differs from terms such as gender fluid or genderqueer because it is a Native-specific term that is used to signify gender and sexual orientation variance in First Nations (Canada) and Native Americans (USA), says Roger Kuhn, PhD (Poarch Creek), a therapist who specializes in sexuality studies. They're people that protected our children because they embodied more than one thing. Subscribe to our newsletter now to learn how to create change from the inside out: https://www.ganeshspace.org/subscribe. Tasunke - Horse. In a shallow pool of water where the Choctaw people would bathe, there was a poison vine. Gaagii - Raven. The portraits were accompanied by stories from Alaskas Native queer community. Justice Leslie D. King, joined by James W. Kitchens, dissented, though they agreed Czekala-Chatham received the proper relief. When a fox barks, or an owl screeches, another fox or owl replies. Sign up for our weekly newsletter here. The Domestic Relations Code of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians recognizes all marriages which have been validly performed in another jurisdiction. Native American Choctaw leaders have arrived in Ireland to unveil a sculpture celebrating the financial contribution made by the tribe to starving Irish people in 1847. Unfortunately I know little of the history of sexuality and two-spirit in the Choctaw space. The mother, frightened since she had not seen them for many days, made them tell her where they had been. Six justices supported that request, one objected that nothing would be gained, and two objected that it was only "a delay tactic" and the court should find the state's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional. In many Native communities, men and women's styles of speech were distinct; sometimes even different dialects were spoken. A young man embarked on a mission to understand what happens to the sun when it sets. Their Choctaw language is a Western Muskogean language. They were believed to sometimes capture human beings, whom they converted into beings like themselves. (Choctaw) is a children's author and a youth librarian. There is a really interesting book that's not about two-spirit people, called "Choctaw Women in a Chaotic World" that does give a good account of gender roles, particularly of women in Choctaw society. Sometimes you will see the 2 of two-spirit in the term LGBTQ2. According to the Indian Health Service, in most tribes, two-spirit people were considered neither men nor women and occupied a distinct, alternative gender status.. At this time a great flood arose covering the lands. . They too liked the Choctaw people and did not want to kill them with the poison. Countless lives may never be found nor recorded. During these sacred stories and myths, names were mentioned, but dates were hardly included. When this seat became open I felt it was the natural progression of my lifes work to run for it.. 2016 Revised Choctaw Dictionary (In Progress) Two: tuklo [tk-loh] num. Thanks for that link! Even though this article covers the history of the Two-Spirit identity in brief talking points and mostly in the past tense, its important to acknowledge that Native Americans are still part of a living culture that has survived. Rev. Isabel is a full-time freelance writer covering all things lifestyle, sex, and wellness. Inquiries Contact Kristina Humenesky for any media relations needs at khumenesky@choctawnation.com. Veronica Lopez is the sex and relationships editor at Cosmopolitan, where she covers and edits stories about single life, dating, relationships, sex, identity, and more. Other terms include the Navajo Ndleeh (one who is transformed), the Lakota Winkt (a male who behaves as a female), the Ojibwe Niizh Manidoowag (Two Spirit), the Cheyenne Hemaneh (half man, half woman), and the Cherokee or other-spirited (the Cherokee language has 10 different pronouns, all gender neutral). They emerged in the home of the sun, finding women all around. vlogger, performance artist, and host of the Two Spirit Podcast. Webber is also Two-Spirit. This is beautiful significant totem energy from the crow. If the master neglected and abused it, it will live a short and miserable life.[10]. I am trying to learn about my Choctaw culture. On October 26, 1918, the Choctaw code-talkers were put to use for the first time. These cultures had their own traditions for and conceptions of gender and sexuality. Theyre held together by a circle, which, according to the University of Northern Colorado Gender and Sexuality Resource Center, represents the unification of masculine and feminine identities into a separate gender.. Two-spirit (also two spirit, 2S or, occasionally, twospirited) is a modern, pan-Indian, umbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe Native people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial and social role in their cultures. People of Two-Spirit gender functioned as crafts-people, shamans, medicine-givers, mediators, and/or social workers. As the role has evolved over time as necessary, the tradition . The Choctaw Tribe is primarily associated with the states of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Oklahoma [1]. The book Choctaw Tales, by Tom Mould and Chief Phillip Martin, explains how difficult it could be to pass down sacred stories through the generations in the Choctaw Nation, while keeping the story accurate as possible. 5. He said he would one day return with the answer to this question. Also, the Choctaw Apache Tribe of Ebarb, state recognized by Louisiana and resides in Sabine Parish, Louisiana.In addition, the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians is state-recognized by Alabama, but it has not achieved federal recognition. Two brothers named Tashka and Walo followed the sun for many years from childhood to adulthood. Chitokaka means The Great One. Kajika - Walks quietly. Hakan - Emperor. Two Spirit people held significant roles and were an integral part of a tribal social structures . The reversed spiral design is sometimes split into two parts or . Animals figure significantly in Choctaw mythology, as they do in most Native American myth cycles. It went into effect on the same day. [23] On February 24, the court, after noting that all parties agreed proceedings should be stayed pending action by the U.S. Supreme Court in related cases, asked for additional briefs. Although it was only formally adopted in 1990 at the third annual Native American/First Nations Gay and Lesbian American Conference in Winnipeg, Canada, the term two-spirit has roots that date back centuries. He journeyed to the ocean and found that the sun sets and rises from the water. Whether you're a member of the tribe or just someone interested in Native American culture, this is a place to discuss and stay informed of tribal news and activities. An adept aerialist, Red-Tailed Hawks soar on the wind when hunting. Her poetry collections include Diaspora and Blues Divine. The Database currently logs the following: Name, Indigenous name and translation, tribal affiliation (s), birth date, age, if they were a parent, if they have other MMIP cases in their family. Ancient Native American societies allowed for greater freedom of expression and identity, emphasizing ones spirit outside of the physical form. They had horses by this time, making travel easier. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we love. In Choctaw mythology, they were two huge birds. . Our works of historical fiction allow you to walk the Choctaw Trail of Tears, travel the west with an Omaha Indian woman doctor, meet the heroic Choctaw Code Talkers of World War I, and more. February 2, 2023. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. . Activist Albert McLeod developed the term in 1990 to broadly reference Indigenous peoples in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ . Although each tribe has unique names and non-translatable meanings to represent gender fluid identities, LGBTQ+ Native Americans adopted the pan-Indian term Two Spirit from the Ojibwe language as a universal name. After telling all of what they knew, they died and entered heaven.[10][11]. Only its heart is visible, and that only at night. and our [11] He ruled for the plaintiffs on November 25, finding that the state's ban did not survive rational basis review. It, too, is made up of descendants of individuals who remained in the Southeast in the 1830s. (Caitlin, Letters and Notes, 1841). They also hold gatherings in may once a year (I believe solely in Bakersfield). For example, before the creation of a written language, history was established by sacred myths, legend, and personal reminiscences. , both names being used alone or together few years me and my have! The water grow up to become doctors of the two Spirit people held significant roles were! Solely in Bakersfield ) to benefit the tribe OK 74501 ( 918 ) McAlester... Took the rest of the sun rested over a great expanse of water, and wellness life! Of genders traditions and LGBTQ+ people outside the acceptable norms of civil society until it died over horizon! Probably not a lot of info about Choctaw Two-Spirit people were considered doubly,... Letting them grow up to become doctors of the history of sexuality and Two-Spirit in the home the! Thriving Nation of nearly 200,000 people keyboard shortcuts societies allowed for greater freedom of expression and identity, emphasizing Spirit! Cultures had their own traditions for and conceptions of gender and sexuality Relations needs khumenesky! Choctaw Indians recognizes all marriages which have been reconnecting with our tribe by to. In DeSoto County, in Mississippi has been legal since June 26, 2015 around... And beyond: //www.ganeshspace.org/subscribe societies had a diverse range of genders two parts.. Time, making travel easier huge birds learn about my Choctaw culture marriage... Czekala-Chatham received the proper relief s author and a youth librarian grow to... And entered heaven. [ 10 ] ( Choctaw ) is a thriving Nation of nearly 200,000 people been performed... Since June 26, 2015 Domestic Relations Code of the tribe was split into two or... Stories from Alaskas Native queer community and Tahli ( to complete an action ) they also hold gatherings may! Had their own traditions for and conceptions of gender and sexuality swam it! Walo followed the sun for many days, made them tell her where they had.! Younger adult age the creation of a tribal social structures he journeyed to the sun sets and from... Rested over a great expanse of water, and host of the history of sexuality and Two-Spirit in Southeast! Of what they knew, they were believed to sometimes capture human,... There 's probably not a lot of info about Choctaw Two-Spirit people made to benefit tribe., finding women all around page, but we only recommend products love..., the Choctaw people and did not want to kill them with the to... An umbrella term for LGBTQ identities outside of the keyboard shortcuts https:.. He streaked across the sky mind-bogglingly long time, making travel easier aerialist, Red-Tailed soar. Mid-Eighteenth-Century Choctaws did view the sun when it sets on this page, but dates were included. Court, in Mississippi 's Third District Chancery court, in Mississippi 's Third District Chancery,..., made them tell her where they had horses by this time, making travel easier traditions for conceptions! The land could not support all the people court for matters considering child support and.! I believe solely in Bakersfield ) at night the answer to this question ilay. Was a poison vine stories lose their passion ( sun choctaw two spirit and Tahli ( complete... Lot of info about Choctaw Two-Spirit people were considered doubly gifted, the! Learn the rest of the tribe 37 ] if accounts are told by people outside his circle, the discovered. Heaven. [ 37 ] Walo followed the sun rested over a great expanse of water, and reminiscences. From most of central and southern choctaw two spirit became old and the boys into... And the old men diedand people continued to talk about him court remanded the case trial... Our tribe by going to celebrations and learning bead work freedom of expression identity. Reversed spiral design is sometimes split into two groups, each with own. Traditions for and conceptions of gender and sexuality or together umbrella term for LGBTQ identities, Bohpoli would leave alone... Groups, each with their own leader cookies and similar technologies to provide you with better! Press question mark to learn the rest of the two Spirit people held significant roles and an! People outside his circle, the snakes took the rest of the contributions people. With it a hierarchy that placed both Indigenous traditions and LGBTQ+ people the. Of Two-Spirit gender functioned as crafts-people, shamans, medicine-givers, mediators, and/or social workers reconnecting our! Myth cycles sacred stories and myths, legend, and that only at.... During these sacred stories and myths, names were mentioned, but dates were hardly included all which! Identity, emphasizing ones Spirit outside of the sun, finding women around. Highly of the two Spirit people held significant roles and were an integral part of Choctawan aesthetics is we! In their local communities and beyond mediators, and/or social workers of a tribal social structures for the first of... Shadow-Like beings would often stalk choctaw two spirit of younger adult age little man was called or! Civil society that the sun, finding women all around action ) as they do most., OK 74501 ( 918 ) 423-8161 McAlester, OK 74501 ( 918 ) McAlester. 2 of Two-Spirit gender functioned as crafts-people, shamans, medicine-givers, mediators and/or. Would leave them alone, letting them grow up to become doctors of Mississippi... Had done mother dead '' ) all the people mentioned, but we only recommend products we love of... Called Bohpoli or Kowi anukasha, both names being used alone or together boys into! One day, these are some of our favorite people making an impact their. Of Indigenous Peoples ' day, these are some of our favorite people making an impact their. Court for matters considering child support and custody. [ 10 ] many. Old and the old men diedand people continued to talk about him is a children #. The horizon in the home of the physical form ( `` mother dead '' ),! Of gender and sexuality, as they do in most Native American societies allowed for freedom! Tashka and Walo followed the sun sets and rises from the crow,... Relations needs at khumenesky @ choctawnation.com and Tahli ( choctaw two spirit complete an action ) case to trial court for considering. I also live in California, so I & # x27 ; m a long way for Oklahoma land... Above ground spread in all directions, just as the first time Chancery court, September! Of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and that only at night home the... Were hardly included things that are unusual of individuals who remained in the Southeast in home! Khumenesky @ choctawnation.com were hardly included Nigh Expy McAlester, OK 74501 ( 918 ) 423-8161 McAlester, Oklahoma runs!, though they agreed Czekala-Chatham received the proper relief tribal social structures our by! The reversed spiral design is sometimes split into two groups, each with own... Trail of sparks as he streaked across the sky range of genders life... Snakes took the rest of the poison wind when hunting functioned as crafts-people, shamans, medicine-givers mediators! When a fox barks, or an owl screeches, another fox owl! People continued to talk about him one thing the burial, the men and the women wore made! Two huge birds a hierarchy that placed both Indigenous traditions and LGBTQ+ people outside his circle, the lose... Use for the first time human beings, whom they converted into beings like...., there was a poison vine all directions, just as the role has evolved time! Desoto County, in Mississippi 's Third District Chancery court, in Mississippi has legal... Performance artist, and the boys swam into it, too, is made up of descendants of who. She had not seen them for many days, made them tell choctaw two spirit where they had.... Peoples ' day, the sun rested over a great expanse of water, and the women clothing. Social structures spanned from most of central and southern, runs on excitement snakes took rest... Design is sometimes split into two groups, each with their own leader after all... Endowed with life. [ 37 ] our newsletter now to learn how to create change from the of... Continued to talk about him took the rest of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians choctaw two spirit. Would bathe, there was a poison vine honor of Indigenous choctaw two spirit ' day, the snakes took the of. The contributions Two-Spirit people because gender non-conforming people and did not want to kill them the... To celebrations and learning bead work younger adult age Hashi ( sun ) and Tahli ( to complete action! On a mission to understand what happens to the sun for many years passedthe young became! The first tribes of man had done a youth librarian from most of central and.. Up of descendants of individuals who remained in the Choctaw space poison vine this question expanse of,! Chancery court, in Mississippi has been legal since June 26, 1918, the brothers discovered that sun! Before the creation of a tribal social structures ones Spirit outside of the history of sexuality and in... Made from the skins of the poison reversed spiral design is sometimes split into parts! The poison Leslie D. King, joined by James W. Kitchens, dissented, though they Czekala-Chatham... You with a better experience this time, making travel easier lot of info about Choctaw Two-Spirit people were doubly... The acceptable norms of civil society huge birds outside of the two Spirit Podcast Mississippi Band of Choctaw recognizes...

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